Single service comparison

Map topology, route propagation, policy order, and failover behavior. For Google Cloud Cloud VPN, the direct Huawei equivalence layer is VPN; validate feature-by-feature parity for control plane, data plane, and operational behavior before cutover.

Use a composed Huawei migration pattern where needed: VPN + ER + DC. Treat VPN as the core equivalent capability and use the additional services to cover integration, security, observability, and governance gaps.

Pricing model difference: Google Cloud usually bills resource/runtime plus processed traffic and outbound transfer; Huawei usually bills EIP/ELB/NAT/ER/DC resource-hours, bandwidth plans, and processed traffic. Recalculate TCO with peak load, request volume, retention period, and cross-region/interconnect traffic before production migration.